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• Fahrion, S. L., Walters, E. D., Coyne, L., and Allen, T. (1992). Alterations in EEG amplitude, personality factors and brain electrical mapping after alpha theta brainwave training: A controlled case study of an alcoholic in recovery. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 16, 547-552.

• Fahrion, S. L. (1995). Human potential and personal transformation. Subtle Energies, 6, 55-88.

• Goldberg, R. J., et al. (1976). Alpha conditioning as an adjunct treatment for drug dependence: Part I. International Journal of Addiction, 11, 1085-1089.

• Goldberg, R. J., et al. (1977). Alpha conditioning as an adjunct treatment for drug dependence: Part II. International Journal of Addiction, 12, 195-204.

• Kelly, M. J. (1997). Native Americans, neurofeedback, and substance abuse theory: Three year outcome of alpha/theta neurofeedback training in the treatment of problem drinking among Dine= (Navajo) people. Journal of Neurotherapy, 2(3), 24-60.

• Lamontague, Y., Hand, I., Annable, L., et al. (1975). Physiological and psychological effects of alpha and EMG feedback training with college drug users: A pilot study. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 20, 337-349.

• Passini, F., Watson, C. G., Dehnel, L., Herder, J., and Watkins, B. (1977). Alpha wave biofeedback training therapy in alcoholics. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33(1), 292-299.

• Peniston, E. G., and Kulkosky, P. J. (1989). Alpha-theta brainwave training and beta-endorphin levels in alcoholics. Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research, 13(2), 271-279.

• Peniston, E. G., and Kulkosky, P. J. (1991). Alcoholic personality and alpha-theta brainwave training. Medical Psychotherapy, 2, 37-55.

• Peniston, E. G., Marrinan, D. A., Deming, W. A., and Kulkosky, P. J. (1993). EEG alpha-theta brainwave synchronization in Vietnam theater veterans with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol abuse. Advances in Medical Psychotherapy, 6, 37-50.

• Saxby, E., and Peniston, E. G. (1995). Alpha-theta brainwave neurofeedback training: An effective treatment for male and female alcoholics with depressive symptoms. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(5), 685-693.

• Schneider, F., Elbert, T., Heimann, H., Welker, A., Stetter, F., Mattes, R., Birbaumer, N., and Mann, K. (1993). Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials in psychiatric patients: Alcohol dependency. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 18, 23-32.

• Scott, W., and Kaiser, D. (1998). Augmenting chemical dependency treatment with neurofeedback training. Journal of Neurotherapy, 3(1), 66.

• Trudeau, D. L. (2000). The treatment of addictive disorders by brain wave biofeedback: A review and suggestions for future research. Clinical Electroencephalography, 31(1), 13-22.

• Watson, C. G., Herder, J., and Passini, F. T. (1978). Alpha biofeedback therapy in alcoholics: An 18-month follow-up. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34(3), 765-769.

• Ayers, M. E. (1981). A report on a study of the utilization of electroencephalography for the treatment of cerebral vascular lesion syndromes. Chapter in L. Taylor, M. E. Ayers, and C. Tom (Eds.), Electromyometric Biofeedback Therapy. Los Angeles: Biofeedback and Advanced Therapy Institute, pp. 244-257.

• Ayers, M. E. (1987). Electroencephalic neurofeedback and closed head injury of 250 individuals. Head Injury Frontiers. National Head Injury Foundation, 380-392.

• Ayers, M. E. (1991). A controlled study of EEG neurofeedback training and clinical psychotherapy for right hemispheric closed head injury. Paper presented at the National Head Injury Foundation, Los Angeles, 1991.

• Ayers, M. E. (1995a). A controlled study of EEG neurofeedback and physical therapy with pediatric stroke, age seven months to age fifteen, occurring prior to birth. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 20(3), 318.

• Ayers, M. E. (1995b). EEG neurofeedback to bring individuals out of level 2 coma. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 20(3), 304-305.
• Ayers, M. E. (1999). Assessing and treating open head trauma, coma, and stroke using real-time digital EEG neurofeedback. Chapter in J. R. Evans and A. Abarbanel (Eds.), Introduction to Quantitative EEG and Neurofeedback. New York: Academic Press, pp. 203-222.

• Bounias, M., Laibow, R. E., Bonaly, A., and Stubblebine, A. N. (2001). EEG-neurobiofeedback treatment of patients with brain injury: Part 1: Typological classification of clinical syndromes. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(4), 23-44.

• Bounias, M., Laibow, R. E., Stubbelbine, A. N.,Sandground, H., and Bonaly, A. (2002). EEG-neurobiofeedback treatment of patients with brain injury Part 4: Duration of treatments as a function of both the initial load of clinical symptoms and the rate of rehabilitation. Journal of Neurotherapy, 6(1), 23-38.

• Byers, A. P. (1995). Neurofeedback therapy for a mild head injury. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(1), 22-37.

• Ham, L. P., and Packard, R. C. (1996). A retrospective, follow-up study of biofeedback-assisted relaxation therapy in patients with posttraumatic headache. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 21(2), 93-104.

• Hoffman, D. A., Stockdale, S., and Van Egren, L. (1996a). Symptom changes in the treatment of mild traumatic brain injury using EEG neurofeedback [Abstract]. Clinical Electroencephalography, 27(3), 164.

• Hoffman, D. A., Stockdale, S., and Van Egren, L. (1996b). EEG neurofeedback in the treatment of mild traumatic brain injury [Abstract]. Clinical Electroencephalography, 27(2), 6.

• Keller, I. (2001). Neurofeedback therapy of attention deficits in patients with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5, 19-32.

• Laibow, R E., Stubblebine, A. N., Sandground, H.,and Bounias, M. (2001). EEG neurobiofeedback treatment of patients with brain injury: Part 2: Changes in EEG parameters versus rehabilitation. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(4), 45-71

• Putnam, J. A., (2001). EEG biofeedback on a female stroke patient with depression: A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(3), 27-38.

• Rozelle, G. R., and Budzynski, T. H. (1995). Neurotherapy for stroke rehabilitation: A single case study. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 20(3), 211-228.

• Schoenberger, N. E., Shiflett, S. C., Esty, M. L., Ochs, L., and Matheis, R. J. (2001). Flexyx neurotherapy system in the treatment of traumatic brain injury: An initial evaluation. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 16(3), 260-274.

• Sterman, M. B., Ayers, M. E., and Goodman, S. J. (1976). Case study: Effects of SMR suppression on EEG and motor patterns in a quadriplegic patient. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 1(3), 340-341.

• Thatcher, R. W. (2000). EEG operant conditioning (biofeedback) and traumatic brain injury. Clinical Electroencephalography, 31(1), 38-44.

• Thornton, K. (2000). Improvement/rehabilitation of memory functioning with neurotherapy/QEEG biofeedback. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 15(6), 1285-1296.

• Thornton, K. (2001). Electrophysiology of auditory memory of paragraphs towards a projection/activation theory of the mind. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(3), 45-72.

• Tinius, T. P., and Tinius, K. A. (2001). Changes after EEG biofeedback and cognitive retraining in adults with mild traumatic brain injury and attention deficit disorder. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(2), 27-44.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, and Autoimmune Dysfunction

• Brown, V. W. (1995 ). Neurofeedback and Lyme's Disease: A clinical application of the five phase model of CNS functional transformation and integration. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(2), 60-73.

• Donaldson, C. C. S., Sella, G. E., and Mueller, H. H. (1998). Fibromyalgia: A retrospective study of 252 consecutive referrals. Canadian Journal of Clinical Medicine, 5 (6), 116-127.

• Hammond, D. C. (2001). Treatment of chronic fatigue with neurofeedback and self-hypnosis. NeuroRehabilitation, 16, 295-300.

• James, L. C., and Folen, R. A. (1996). EEG biofeedback as a treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome: A controlled case report. Behavioral Medicine, 22(2), 77-81.

• Mueller, H. H., Donaldson, C. C. S., Nelson, D. V., and Layman, M. (2001). Treatment of fibromyalgia incorporating EEG-driven stimulation: A clinical outcomes study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(7), 933-952.

• Packard, R. C., and Ham, L. R. (1995). EEG biofeedback in the treatment of Lyme Disease: A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(3), 22-30.

• Tansey, M. A. (1993). Neurofeedback and chronic fatigue syndrome: New findings with respect to diagnosis and treatment. CFIDS Chronicle, 9, 30-32.

• Coger, R., and Werbach, M. (1975). Attention, anxiety, and the effects of learned enhancement of EEG alpha in chronic pain: A pilot study in biofeedback. Chapter in B. L. Drue, Jr. (Ed.), Pain Research and Treatment. New York: Academic Press.

• Gannon, L., and Sternbach, R. A. (1971). Alpha enhancement as a treatment for pain: A case study. Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 2, 209-213.

• Ham, L. P., and Packard, R. C. (1996). A retrospective, follow-up study of biofeedback-assisted relaxation therapy in patients with posttraumatic headache. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 21(2), 93-104.

• Lehmann, D., Lang, W., and Debruyne, P. (1976). Controlled EEG alpha feedback training in normals and headache patients. Archives of Psychiatry, 221, 331-343.
• Matthew, A., Mishm, H., and Kumamiah, V. (1987). Alpha feedback in the treatment of tension headache. Journal of Personality and Clinical Studies, 3(1), 17-22.

• McKenzie, R., Ehrisman, W., Montgomery, P. S., and Barnes, R. H. (1974). The treatment of headache by means of electroencephalographic biofeedback. Headache, 13, 164-172.

• Pelletier, K. R., and Pepper, E. (1977). Developing a biofeedback model: Alpha EEG feedback as a means for pain control. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 25, 361-371.

• Rosenfeld, J. P., Dowman, R., Heinricher, N., and Silvia, R. (1984). Operantly controlled somatosensory evoked potentials: Specific effects on pain processes. Chapter in B. Rockstroh, T. Elbert, W. Lutzenberger, and N. Birbaumer (Eds.), Self-Regulation of the Brain and Behavior. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 164-179.

• Rosenfeld, J. P., Silvia, R., Weitkunat, R., and Dowman, R. (1985). Operant control of human somatosensory evoked potentials alters experimental pain perception. Chapter in H. L. Fields, R. Dubner, and F. Cervero (Eds.), Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Volume 9: Proceedings of the Fourth World Congress on Pain. New York: Raven Press, 343-349.

• Siniatchkin, M., Hierundar, A., Kropp, P., Kuhnert, R., Gerber, W-D., and Stephani, U. (2000). Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials in children with migraine: An exploratory study. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 25(1), 13-32.

• Tansey, M. A. (1991). A neurobiological treatment for migraine: The response of four cases of migraine to EEG biofeedback training. Headache Quarterly: Current Treatment and Research, 90-96.

Schizophrenia

• Gruzelier, J. (2000). Self regulation of electrocortical activity in schizophrenia and schizotypy: A review. Clinical Electroencephalography, 31(1), 23-29.

• Gruzelier, J., Hardman, E., Wild, J., Zaman, R., Nagy, A., and Hirsch, S. (1999). Learned control of interhemispheric slow potential negativity in schizophrenia. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 34, 341-348.

• Schneider, F., Rockstroh, B., Heimann, H. et al. (1992). Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials in psychiatric patients: Schizophrenia. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 17, 277-292.

• Hammond, D. C. (2003, in press). QEEG-guided neurofeedback in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Neurotherapy, 7O)

• Thompson, M., and Thompson, L. (2002). Biofeedback for movement disorders (dystonia with Parkinson's disease): Theory and preliminary results. Journal of Neurotherapy, 6(4), 51-70.

Tansey, M. A. (1986). A simple and a complex tic (Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome): Their response to EEG sensorimotor rhythm biofeedback training. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 4(2), 91-97.

• Jarusiewicz, B. (2002). Efficacy of neurofeedback for children in the autistic spectrum: A pilot study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 6(4), 39-49.

  Sichel, A. G., Fehmi, L. G., and Goldstein, D. M. (1995). Positive outcome with neurofeedback treatment of a case of mild autism. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(1), 60-64.

• Albert, A. O., Andrasik, F., Moore, J. L., and Dunn, B. R. (1998). Theta/beta training for attention, concentration and memory improvement in the geriatric population. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 23(2), 109. Abstract.

• Budzynski, T. H. (1996). Brain brightening: Can neurofeedback improve cognitive process? Biofeedback, 24(2), 14-17

• Tansey, M. A. (1992). EEG sensorimotor biofeedback training and the treatment of a six-year old asthmatic child. American Journal of Clinical Biofeedback, 5,(2), 145-149.

• Norris, S. L., Lee, C-T., Burshteyn, D., and Cea-Aravena, J. (2001). The effects of performance enhancement training on hypertension, human attention, stress, and brain wave patterns: A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(3), 29-44.

Dissociative Disorders

• Manchester, C., Allen, T., and Tachiki, K. H. (1998). Treatment of dissociative identity disorder with neurotherapy and group self-exploration. Journal of Neurotherapy, 2(4), 40-53.

• Mason, L. A., and Brownback, T. S. (2001). Optimal functioning training with EEG biofeedback for clinical populations: A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(1-2), 33-44.

• Boynton, T. (2001). Applied research using alpha/theta training for enhancing creativity and well-being. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(1-2), 5-18.

• Egner, T., and Gruzelier, J. H. (2003, in press). Ecological validity of neurofeedback: Modulation of slow wave EEG enhances musical performance. NeuroReport, 14(1)

  Criminals

  • Quirk, D. A. (1995). Composite biofeedback conditioning and dangerous offenders: III. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(2), 44-54.

  For those looking for still more documented scientific proof that EEG Biofeedback indeed works as described elsewhere on this web page, read the following email from 2001, and the data as collected and described in these papers:

  From: PhDr Jiri Tyl To: psyphy@LISTP.APA.ORG
  Sent: Wednesday, April 11, 2001 12:48 AM
  Subject: [PSYPHY] ENOUGH STUDIES

  I have had enough "not enough studies" mantra. We cannot accept the arguments of our opponents. In internet era, Medline is available for everybody.

  Jiri Tyl, Ph.D.,
  Clinical Psychologist, EEG Spectrum Affiliate
  President, EEG Biofeedback Institute of the Czech Republic

  EEG Biofeedback, Clinical Psychology, Neurology
  University Hospital Policlinic
  Lannova 2, Prague 1
  Czech Republic, CZ-110 00
  Phone: + 420 602 22 49 64
  Fax: + 420 2 2480 2374
  E-mail:biofeedback@mbox.vol.cz
  URL: www.eegbiofeedback.cz

  _______________________________________
  EFFICACY META-ANALYSIS:

  DIAGNOSES IN PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS:

  • ADHD
  • Learning Disabilities
    
  • Epilepsy
    
  • Alcohol Abuse
    
  • PSTD
    
  • Anxiety Dis.
    
  • Sleep Dis.
  • Depression
  • CFS
  • Headache
  • Migraine
  • Memory impairment
  • Laryngeal dyskinesis
  • Tics
  • Tinnitus
  • Tourette syndrom
  • TBI
  • Stroke
  • Autism
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Schizophrenia
  • Total paralysis
    TOTAL: 22

  Investigated	Number of Studies	# Subjects	Medline	Control
  Cognitive D. (ADHD)	35	1539	20	7
  ANXIETY D.	19	124	15	2
  BEHAVIOR D.(incl addictions)	27	285	19	6
  EPILEPSY	45	364	42	12
  Other-Insomnia, Tics etc.	40	466	27	6
  TOTALS	166	2778	123	33

  Studies by Decade

  1970-1979 22
  1980-1989 28
  1990-1999 85
  2000-13

  METHOD OF CONTROL	Number of Studies
  Controlled design (ABAB, sham feedback)	14
  Control group	13
  Comparative group	1
  Controlled case study	20
  TOTAL CONTROLLED	48

  SOURCES

  • Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (Biofeedback Self Regul.) - 27
  • International Journal of Psychophysiology - 9
  • Clinical Electroencephalography - 8
  • EEG and Clinical Neurophysiology - 7
  • Clinical Neurophysiology - 5
  • Epilepsy Research - 5
  • Science - 4
  • Neuroreport - 4
  • Medical Psychotherapy (plus Advances in Medical Psychotherapy) - 4
  • Journal of Biofeedback - 4
  • Epilepsia - 3
  • Biological Psychiatry - 3
  • Psychophysiology - 3
  • Biological Psychology - 3
  • Experimental Neurology - 2
  • Seizure - 2
  • Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science - 2
  • Neuroscience Letters - 2
  • Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology - 2
  • Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research - 2
  • Nature - 1
  • Experimental Brain Research - 1
  • Archives of Neurology - 1
  • Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - 1
  • Neurology - 1
  • European Neurology - 1
  • Archives of General Psychiatry - 1
  • J Neurology and Neurosurg. Psychiatry - 1
  • Headache Quarterly - 1
  • Pain - 1
  • Annals of Internal Medicine - 1
  • Psychosomatic Medicine - 1
  • Fiziologia Cheloveka - 1
  • Journal of Clinical Psychology - 1
  • Journal of Consulting Psychology - 1
  • Journal of Addictive Disorders - 1
  • Child Abuse and Neglect - 1
  • Scandinavian Journal of Behavioral Therapy - 1
  • Comprehensive Psychiatry - 1
  • Journal of Learning Disabilities - 1
  • Journal of Psychotherapy - 1
  • Journal of Behavioral Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry - 1
  • Psychology Report - 1
  • Behavioral Medicine - 1
  • Behavioral Modification
  • Medical Science and Sports Exercise - 1
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science - 1
  • Minerva Medicine - 1

  SOURCES RESUME:

  TOTAL MEDLINE STUDIES - 131
  TOTAL MEDLINE JOURNALS - 48
  Average per journal 2.8

  NON-MEDLINE JOURNALS (6):
  Journal of Neurotherapy - 12
  Subtle Energies - 1
  Journal of Transpersonal Psychology - 1
  National Head Injury Syllabus - 1
  Dissertations Abstracts - 1
  Informatorium (Czech) - 1
  TOTAL STUDIES - 17

  CRITERIA
  SIGNIFICANT STATISTICAL IMPROVEMENT - USAGE IN STUDIES

  1. SEIZURE FREQUENCY 23
  2. WISC 11
  3. TOVA 10
  4. EEG 10
  5. Wide Range Achievement Test - WRAT 7
  6. Abstinence follow-up 5
  7. Conners Parent Rating Scale 4
  8. DSM ADHD Rating 4
  9. ADD Evaluation Scale (ADDES) 3
  10. Mind directed computer writing 3
  11. Beck Depression Inventory 3
  12. Benton Visual Retention Test 2
  13. Reading Quotient (Czech) 2
  14. Digit Square (Czech) 2
  15. MCMI (Millon) 2
  16. Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT) 1
  17. School work 1
  18. Word Fluency Test 1
  19. Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
  20. Tapping test
  21. Symbol Digit Modalit. Test
  22. Grooved Pegboard
  23. BVM
  24. Trail MakingTest
  25. 16 PF (Cattell)
  26. Personal Orientation Inventory (Shostrom)
  27. DDT
  28. SPECT
  29. Shooting Accuracy
  30. Criminal behavior follow-up
  31. SNAP Rating Scale

  CRITERIA RESUME:
  TOTAL OBJECTIVE MEASURES USED - 31
  TOTAL OBJECTIVE MEASURES USAGE - 65
  USED MEASURES AVERAGE PER STUDY - 2.1

  Number of SUBJECTS in studies reviewed - 1967
  In controlled studies - 120

  Please feel free to copy this page, and give it the next medical "expert" that says "There's not enough data on that". That's the "standard" answer when an MD or other clinician is asked about something he/she knows nothing about other than rumors. As you can see from the above, there's a huge amount of data, and almost all of it done by responsible scientists is positive.